Past Tense

Past Tense

Hey guys, this is the simple past tense!!!

(+) S + V2

   

(-) S + not + V1

(?) did + S + V1 ?

This is the Past Continuous Tense!!!

(+) S + be (was/were) + V-ing

(-) S + be (was/were) not + V-ing

(?) be (was/were) + S + V-ing ?

This is the Past Perfect Tense   !!!

(+) S + had + V3

(-) S + had not + V3

(?) had + S + V3 ?

And this is the Past Perfect Continuous Tense!!!

(+) S + had + been + V-ing

(-) S + had not + been + V-ing

(?) had + S + been + V-ing ?

Read More...

Present Tense

Present Tense

VERBAL SENTENCE

§ Positive Form 

S + Verb1 (-s / -es) + O

Example : He goes to school.

§ Negative Form

S + do/does + not + V1 + O

Example : You do not write a story.

§ Interrogative Form

Do/does + S + V1 + O ?

Example : does he give at present ?

Ø Verb ending in –y : the third person changes the –y to –ies :

Fly ð flies , cry ð cries

Ø Exeption : if there is a vowel before –y :

Play ð plays , pray ð prays

Ø Add –es to verb ending in : -ss, -x, -sh, -ch

NON VERBAL SENTENCE

§  Positive Form :

S + to be (am/is/are) + noun/adjective/adverb

Example : She is a beautifull girl.

§  Negative Form :

S + to be + not + noun/adjective/adverb

Example : You are not clever.

§  Interrogative Form :

To be + S + noun/adjective/adverb

 Example : is he diligent ?

Read More...

Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense

Usage:

1.    To talk about a completed past action at a non-specific time.

Example: I have read that book before.

2.   It is used to express personal experience there is not a definite time given.

Example: I have never been to Japan. 

3.   To talk about something that began in the past and continues to the present.

Example: I have studied at this school since last june.

Structure :

(+)s+have/has+V3+o

(-)s+have/has+not+V3+o

(?)have/has+s+V3+o?

	Positive	Negative	Question
I/you/we/they	I have written my letter	I have not written my letter	Have I written my letter?
He/she/it	She has written her letter	She has not written her letter	Has she written her letter

For irregular verb, use the participle from(see list of irregular verb, 3^rd columm). For regular verbs, just add “ed”.

Adverbs:

1.   For refers to a period of time.

Example: I have known him for many years.

2. Since refers to the time when the events started.

Example: I have learned English since 10 years old.

3. Already means that something happens earlier that expected.

Example: He has already handed in the assignment.

4. Just means that something happens a moment ago.

Example: She has just left the school.

5. Yet means that up to the present time something has not happened (only in question or negative sentences).

Example: he hasn’t sent the letter yet.

Past perfect tense

Usage:

We use the past perfect to talk about an action which happened before another action in the past

Structure:

 (+)s+have/has+been+v.ing+o/c

(-)s+have/has+not+been_v.ing+o/c

(?)have/has+s+been+v.ing+o/c?

Example:

1.    I hadn’t studied English when she came to my house last night.

2.   He had washed his uncle’s car before his uncle arrived last Sunday

3.   Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

Adverb:

1.    Last night

2.   Last week

3.   Last month

4.   Last Saturday

5.   Yesterday

Future perfect tense

Usage:

We use future perfect tense to express an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future.

Structure:

(+)s+will/shall+have+past participle+o

(-)s+will/shall+not+have+past participle+o

(?)shall/will+s+have+past participle+o?

	Positive	Negative	Question
I/you/we/they (will/shall)	I will have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow	I won’t have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow	Will you have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow?
He/she/it        (will)	She will have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow	She won’t have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow	Will you have studied English by 10 o’clock tomorrow?

Adverb:

1.    By 7 o’clock tonight

2.   By 10 o’clock tomorrow

3.   In a week

Read More...

Recount Text

Recount Text

What do you know recount text ?

Recount text is a text that retells the events or incidents that have been passed or past, usually containing the author’s personal experience.

This is the generic structures of recount text are :

Ø  Orientation (it gives the readers the background information receded to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened).

Ø  Event (a series of event, ordered in a chronological sequence).

Ø  Re-Orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer

      Next, this is the significant grammatical features :

Ø  Use of simple past tense.

Ø  Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then,...).

Ø  Use of personal pronoun (I, we).

Recount text use the simple past tense

Example :

1.    Orientation:

Dear Grandma and Grandpa

Yesterday at my school we had an International Day. We had performances, food stalls, displays, raffle ticket draw, and some of us were dressed in costumes.

2.    Event  1

We started our day with performances. The performances I was in was  Ladampa. However, the one I liked best was the one from the fourth grade.

3.    Event  2

Right after our performances we had our lunch. There were food stalls. They came from Australia,Arab and Greece.

4.   Event  3

Everyone had a job. I did my job after o had lunch. My job wea to sell International Day books.

5.    Event  4

We also had displays in the hall. There display were good, but I did not see them. The displays came from a lot of countries.

6.   Event  5

There was also a trash and treasure stall where they sold toys. The school got there things by asking the children to bring them in.

7.    Re –Orientation

Although I did not win anything, International Day was still fun.

Read More...

Narrative Text

Narrative Text

What do you ever hearing of a Narrative Text ?

      “Yes, Certainly !”

     

      Definition:

Narrative text is a text/story that tells about a fairy tail, myths (imagination or fantasy)

      The generic structures of the text:

·         Orientation :

It sets the scene and introduces the participants.

·         Complication :

A crisis or a problem arises

·         Resolution :

A solution to the problem (for better or werse).

      And other generic structures of the text:

·         Evaluation : (optional)

A step back to evaluate the plight.

·         Coda : (optional)

Changes of the characters or lesson/value of the story.

·         Re-Orientation : (optional)

Kind of narrative text :

o   A myth

o   A legend

o   Fable

o   A folklone

·         Purpose : (social function)

To entertain listeners/readers with a true experience or an imaginary one. The characteristic of the text is marked by conflict and resolution.

Example:

The Fly and the Bull

Orientation:

There was once a little fly who thought he was very important. He felt proud of himself. One sunny morning, he flew around looking for some one to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a field. He decided to fly down to talk to him.

Complication:

The little fly flew down and buzzed the bull’s head. The bull did not bother him. He went on chewing grass.

Then, fly buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The bull continued chewing grass. The fly thought, ‘’what a stupid animal! ‘’

Now the fly decided to land on one of the bull’s horns to make the bull notice him. He waited for the bull t0 say something, but the bull kept quite.

Resolution:

The bull laughed and said “little fly, I don’t care if you stay or leave. You are so tiny that your weight does not make any difference to me, so please be quite and leave me alone!”

Read More...